A study of topologies and protocols for fiber optic local area network

The emergence of new applications requiring high data traffic necessitates the development of high speed local area networks. Optical fiber is selected as the transmission medium due to its inherent advantages over other possible media and the dual optical bus architecture is shown to be the most suitable topology. Asynchronous access protocols, including token, random, hybrid random/token, and virtual token schemes, are developed and analyzed. Exact expressions for insertion delay and utilization at light and heavy load are derived, and intermediate load behavior is investigated by simulation. A new tokenless adaptive scheme whose control depends only on the detection of activity on the channel is shown to outperform round-robin schemes under uneven loads and multipacket traffic and to perform optimally at light load. An approximate solution to the queueing delay for an oscillating polling scheme under chaining is obtained and results are compared with simulation. Solutions to the problem of building systems with a large number of stations are presented, including maximization of the number of optical couplers, and the use of passive star/bus topologies, bridges and gateways

Enhanced Cluster Based Routing Protocol for MANETS

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a set of self organized wireless mobile nodes that works without any predefined infrastructure. For routing data in MANETs, the routing protocols relay on mobile wireless nodes. In general, any routing protocol performance suffers i) with resource constraints and ii) due to the mobility of the nodes. Due to existing routing challenges in MANETs clustering based protocols suffers frequently with cluster head failure problem, which degrades the cluster stability. This paper proposes, Enhanced CBRP, a schema to improve the cluster stability and in-turn improves the performance of traditional cluster based routing protocol (CBRP), by electing better cluster head using weighted clustering algorithm and considering some crucial routing challenges. Moreover, proposed protocol suggests a secondary cluster head for each cluster, to increase the stability of the cluster and implicitly the network infrastructure in case of sudden failure of cluster head.Comment: 6 page

Optimal Content Placement in ICN Vehicular Networks

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a networking framework for content distribution. The communication is based on a request/response model where the attention is centered on the content. The user sends interest messages naming the content it desires and the network chooses the best node from which delivers the content. This way for retrieving contents naturally fits a context where users continuously change their location. One of the main problems of user mobility is the intermittent connectivity that causes loss of packets. This work shows how in a Vehicle-to-Infrastructure scenario, the network can exploit the ICN architecture with content pre-distribution to maximize the probability that the user retrieves the desired content. We give an ILP formulation of the problem of optimally distributing the contents in the network nodes and discuss how the system assumptions impact the success probability. Moreover, we validate our model by means of simulations with ndnSIM

Spatial and temporal occurrence of bats in the southern North Sea area

Since a few years it is known that bats migrate over sea on a regular basis. As numerous land-based studies have shown that wind turbines can cause high fatality rates amongst bats Rijkswaterstaat started a bat monitoring programme for 2015 and 2016 in order to reduce uncertainties about possible impacts. At the same time Eneco commissioned a bat monitoring programme for 2015 and 2016 as part of the Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (MEP) for the offshore windfarm Luchterduinen. In 2016 Gemini conducted a bat monitoring campaign in windfarm Buitengaats and Wageningen Marine Research executed a bat monitoring programme at Wintershall platform P6-A and offshore research station FINO3 in the same year. The joint monitoring effort included 12 different offshore locations and 5 locations at the coast. The specific aims of these monitoring programmes are an assessment of : 1. The species composition at sea and at the coast. 2. The spatiotemporal pattern of occurrence, including the flight height. 3. The relation between environmental conditions and the occurrence of bats. 4. The function of the Dutch Territorial Sea for bats. The monitoring results at the coast showed that Nathusius’ pipistrelle is very common during both spring and autumn migration, but is also regular throughout the summer. It is also the most frequently recorded species at sea, albeit much less frequently recorded in comparison to the coast. At sea it was recorded from late August until late October (and one observation in November), and –to a lesser extent- from early April until the end of June. There were no records in July until mid-August. The observed pattern of occurrence matches previous offshore monitoring studies in the German and Dutch North Sea

Using digital fountains in future IPTV streaming platforms: A future perspective

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An Intelligent Transportation System Application for Smartphones Based on Vehicle Position Advertising and Route Sharing in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

[EN] Alerting drivers about incoming emergency vehicles and their routes can greatly improve their travel times in congested cities, while reducing the risk of accidents due to distractions. This paper contributes to this goal by proposing Messiah, an Android application capable of informing regular vehicles about incoming emergency vehicles like ambulances, police cars and fire brigades. This is made possible by creating a network of vehicles capable of directly communicating between them. The user can, therefore, take driving decisions in a timely manner by considering incoming alerts. Using the support of our GRCBox hardware, the application can rely on vehicular ad-hoc network communications in the 5 GHz band, being V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication provided through a combination of Android-based smartphone and our GRCBox device. The application was tested in three different scenarios with different levels of obstruction, showing that it is capable of providing alerts up to 300 meters, and notifying vehicles within less than one secondThis work was partially supported by the "Ministerio de Economia y Competividad, Programa Estatal de Investigacion, Desarollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Proyectos I+D+I 2014", Spain, under Grant Nos. TEC2014-52690-R and BES-2015-075988.Hadiwardoyo, SA.; Patra, S.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Cano, J.; Manzoni, P. (2018). An Intelligent Transportation System Application for Smartphones Based on Vehicle Position Advertising and Route Sharing in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. Journal of Computer Science and Technology. 33(2):249-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-018-1817-4S249262332Papadimitratos P, De La Fortelle A, Evenssen K, Brignolo R, Cosenza S. 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In Proc. the SIGCHI Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 2014, pp.3627-3630.Yamabe T, Ikegami S, Ishizaki A, Kitagami S, Kiyohara R. Car navigation user interface based on a smartphone. In Proc. the 7th Int. Conf. Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking, January 2014, pp.85-86.Matsuyama S, Yamabe T, Takahashi N, Kiyohara R. Intelligent user interface of smartphones for on-vehicle information devices. Procedia Computer Science, 2014, 35: 1635-1643.Kovacevic B, Kovacevic M, Maruna T, Papp I. A java application programming interface for in-vehicle infotainment devices. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 2017, 63(1): 68-76.Liu R L, Liu H Z, Kwak D, Xiang Y, Borcea C, Nath B, Iftode L. Themis: A participatory navigation system for balanced traffic routing. In Proc. IEEE Vehicular Networking Conf., December 2014, pp.159-166.Liu R L, Liu H Z, Kwak D, Xiang Y, Borcea C, Nath B, Iftode L. Balanced traffic routing: Design, implementation, and evaluation. Ad Hoc Networks, 2016, 37: 14-28.Vochin M, Zoican S, Borcoci E. Intelligent system for vehicle navigation assistance. In Proc. World Conf. Information Systems and Technologies, April 2017, pp.142-148.Sha W J, Kwak D, Nath B, Iftode L. Social vehicle navigation: Integrating shared driving experience into vehicle navigation. In Proc. the 14th Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, February 2013, Article No. 16.Kwak D, Liu R L, Kim D, Nath B, Iftode L. Seeing is believing: Sharing real-time visual traffic information via vehicular clouds. IEEE Access, 2016, 4: 3617-3631.Djajadi A, Putra R J. Inter-cars safety communication system based on Android smartphone. In Proc. IEEE Conf. Open Systems, October 2014, pp.12-17.Dorairaj P, Mohammed A, Grbic N. Location-Aware services using Android mobile operating platform for safety, emergency and health applications. In Mobile Health, Adibi S (ed.), Springer, 2015, pp.283-298.Dorairaj P, Ramamoorthy S, Ramalingam A K. 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Networking - A Statistical Physics Perspective

Efficient networking has a substantial economic and societal impact in a broad range of areas including transportation systems, wired and wireless communications and a range of Internet applications. As transportation and communication networks become increasingly more complex, the ever increasing demand for congestion control, higher traffic capacity, quality of service, robustness and reduced energy consumption require new tools and methods to meet these conflicting requirements. The new methodology should serve for gaining better understanding of the properties of networking systems at the macroscopic level, as well as for the development of new principled optimization and management algorithms at the microscopic level. Methods of statistical physics seem best placed to provide new approaches as they have been developed specifically to deal with non-linear large scale systems. This paper aims at presenting an overview of tools and methods that have been developed within the statistical physics community and that can be readily applied to address the emerging problems in networking. These include diffusion processes, methods from disordered systems and polymer physics, probabilistic inference, which have direct relevance to network routing, file and frequency distribution, the exploration of network structures and vulnerability, and various other practical networking applications.Comment: (Review article) 71 pages, 14 figure